Feeding your pets and farm animals is about more than just filling their bellies; it's about nurturing their health and happiness.
If you're considering adding grains to their diet or even making homemade meals for them, understanding the role of grains and how they fit into each animal's unique nutritional needs is essential.
We want only the best for our customers' beloved pets, so let's dive into how you can make the best choices for your dogs, cats, chickens, and other farm animals!
This is the second part of our "Healthy Pet" series. Have a look at this blog about feeding nuts and seeds to your pets and whether and when it is good or not!
GRAINS FOR YOUR DOGS
Dogs might not need grains as a dietary necessity, but that doesn't mean grains are inherently bad. Dogs are omnivores, meaning their digestive systems can process plant and animal-based foods. Still, their evolutionary diet leans heavily on protein and fat, with carbohydrates playing a secondary role.
What to Know About Dogs and Grains
- Ancestral Diet vs. Modern Diet: Wild dogs thrived on meat and scavenged plants occasionally. Modern dogs, however, have adapted to digest grains to some extent.
- Grains Aren't "Bad," But They're Not Essential: Dogs don't require grains, but some grains in moderation can complement their diet.
- Avoiding Health Risks: Excess grains can lead to obesity, diabetes, and food sensitivities. Grains are calorie-dense and high in carbs, which isn't ideal for sedentary or overweight dogs.
Best Grains for Dogs
If you choose to include grains in your dogs' diet, here are some of the safest and healthiest options:
- Brown rice: Packed with vitamins and easy to digest when cooked thoroughly.
- Oats: A great source of fiber, particularly for dogs with sensitive stomachs.
- Quinoa: High in protein and amino acids, making it one of the most nutrient-dense grains.
Tips for Feeding Dogs Grains
- Cook Thoroughly: Dogs digest grains better when they're cooked or soaked. This makes them easier on their stomachs.
- Start Small: Introduce grains gradually and observe how your dog reacts. Look for signs of bloating, itching, or changes in stool.
- Grain-Free Alternatives: If your dog has allergies or you're worried about their carbohydrate intake, consider replacing grains with sweet potatoes or pumpkin, which are nutrient-rich and easy to digest.
GRAINS FOR YOUR CAT
Cats are obligate carnivores, so their bodies are hardwired to get nutrients from animal-based proteins and fats. Unlike dogs, cats have little need for carbohydrates but can digest grains in small amounts.
The Role of Grains in a Cat's Diet
- Supplemental, Not Essential: Grains like rice and oats can add fiber and variety but should never replace meat as the primary component of a cat's diet.
- Occasional Benefits: If your cat has digestive issues, white rice can help firm up loose stools and soothe their stomach.
Best Grains for Cats
- White rice: Gentle on their digestive systems and a good option for upset stomachs.
- Brown rice: Higher in fiber but less digestible, so use sparingly.
- Barley and oats: Rich in fiber and vitamins, making them good occasional treats.
- Quinoa: A protein-packed option, but feed in very small amounts.
Tips for Feeding Cats Grains
- Cook and Serve Plain: Avoid seasoning grains with salt, butter, or spices.
- Moderation is Critical: Grains should make up a tiny fraction of your cat's diet—no more than 5-10%.
- Tailored to Health Needs: If your cat has diabetes or is overweight, avoid high-carb grains altogether and focus on lean meats and low-carb vegetables.
GRAINS FOR YOUR CHICKENS
Chickens are voracious eaters and natural foragers, making grains a favorite food. While grains provide energy, they are just one part of a well-rounded diet that should emphasize protein, calcium, and other nutrients essential for egg production and health.
Why Grains Are Important for Chickens
- Energy and Variety: Grains like wheat and oats provide carbohydrates for energy.
- Supplementing Protein: Grains alone aren't enough; chickens need high-protein feeds to grow and lay eggs.
- Seasonal Needs: In colder months, grains are especially valuable for providing energy to keep chickens warm.
Best Grains for Chickens
- Wheat berries (red or white): High in protein and fiber.
- Oats: Offer slow-digesting energy but should be balanced with higher-protein grains.
- Cracked corn: Provides quick energy but lacks protein, so feed sparingly.
- Millet and barley: Nutrient-rich options that add variety.
- Quinoa and lentils: Excellent for protein but should be cooked or sprouted.
Tips for Feeding Chickens Grains
- Scratch Grains as a Treat: Scratch grains (a mix of wheat, corn, oats, and seeds) are a great treat but shouldn't replace balanced feed. One of our clients feeds their rescue chickens puffed rice and oat groats as a delicious treat in between meals!
- Supplement with Protein: Ensure protein makes up 16-24% of their diet, especially for laying hens and during molting.
- Scatter for Enrichment: Spread grains in their run to encourage natural foraging behavior, which keeps chickens active and entertained.
GRAINS FOR FARM ANIMALS
Horses and Donkeys
Horses and donkeys primarily thrive on hay and forage, but grains can provide additional energy for working animals, pregnant mares, or those recovering from illness.
- Best Grains: Oats, barley, and corn. Oats are easy to digest and provide energy without the risk of overloading their systems.
- Cautions: Overfeeding grains can cause colic, laminitis, or obesity. Always feed alongside plenty of forage.
Sheep
Sheep thrive on a forage-based diet, but grains can supplement their energy needs during breeding or lambing seasons.
- Best Grains: Oats, barley, and corn.
- Avoid Overfeeding: Too much grain can lead to bloating or acidosis, which can be fatal.
Goats
Goats are browsers, meaning they prefer leaves and shrubs over grass. Grains can supplement their diet, particularly for lactating or growing goats.
- Best Grains: Oats, barley, millet, and sorghum. You can also include sprouted grains for added nutrients.
- Grains to Avoid: Like chickens, goats should never eat raw or undercooked beans.
Tips for Feeding Farm Animals Grains
- Introduce Grains Slowly: Sudden changes in diet can upset their digestive systems.
- Mix for Balance: Combine grains with high-protein legumes like peas or lentils to create a balanced feed.
- Adjust for Age and Activity: Younger, pregnant, or working animals often need more energy and protein, while older animals may need fewer grains to avoid weight gain.
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