Sage (Salvia officinalis) is a perennial herb that is used both as a culinary ingredient, known for its distinctive flavor and aroma. It adds a savory, slightly peppery taste to various dishes, including meats, stuffing, sauces, and soups.

Sage contains various compounds, such as rosmarinic acid and flavonoids, that possess antioxidant properties. Antioxidants help protect the body against free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can cause cellular damage and contribute to chronic diseases. The rosmarinic acid found in sage may help reduce inflammation in the body and potentially alleviate symptoms associated with conditions like arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. 

Sage has been used to aid digestion and alleviate digestive issues such as bloating, gas, and indigestion. It may help stimulate the production of digestive enzymes and support overall digestive health.

Sage has been traditionally used to enhance cognitive function and memory. Some research suggests that compounds in sage may inhibit the breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in memory and learning. However, more studies are needed to confirm these effects.

Sage has antibacterial and antimicrobial properties, which make it potentially beneficial for oral health. It has been used in mouthwashes and gargles to help soothe sore throats, alleviate gum inflammation, and combat bad breath.

Sage has been known to alleviate menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats. Some studies suggest that sage extracts may help reduce the frequency and intensity of these symptoms, although more research is necessary to establish its effectiveness.